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<title>Digital Visual Interface</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Digital Visual Interface</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"DVI" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="DVI_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="DVI (disambiguation)">DVI (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox infobox-table"><caption class="infobox-title">Digital Visual Interface (DVI)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" class="infobox-image">

</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="infobox-image">

<div class="infobox-caption">A <a href="Gender_of_connectors_and_fasteners" title="Gender of connectors and fasteners">male</a> DVI-D (single link) connector</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data">

Digital video connector</td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff">Production history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data">

<a href="Digital_Display_Working_Group" title="Digital Display Working Group">Digital Display Working Group</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designed</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data">

April 1999<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1999-04</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Produced</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data">

1999–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Superseded</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data">

<a href="VGA_connector" title="VGA connector">VGA connector</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Superseded by</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data">

<a href="DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a>, <a href="HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff">General specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Hot_swapping" title="Hot swapping">Hot pluggable</a></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data">

Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">External</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data">

Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Video signal</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data">

Digital video stream:<br>Single link: <span class="nowrap">1920 × 1200</span> (<a href="WUXGA" class="mw-redirect" title="WUXGA">WUXGA</a>) @ 60 Hz or <span class="nowrap">2560 × 1600</span> (<a href="WQXGA" class="mw-redirect" title="WQXGA">WQXGA</a>) @ 30 Hz <br>Dual link: <span class="nowrap">2560 × 1600</span> (<a href="WQXGA" class="mw-redirect" title="WQXGA">WQXGA</a>) @ 60 Hz or <span class="nowrap">3840 × 2400</span> (<a href="WQUXGA" class="mw-redirect" title="WQUXGA">WQUXGA</a>) @ 30 Hz <br>Analog video stream: <span class="nowrap">1920 × 1200</span> (<a href="WUXGA" class="mw-redirect" title="WUXGA">WUXGA</a>) @ 60 Hz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pins</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data">

DVI-D Single Link: 19<br>DVI-D Dual Link: 25<br>DVI-I Single Link: 23<br>DVI-I Dual Link: 29<br>DVI-A: 11<br>DVI-M1-DA: 35</td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff">Data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bitrate</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data">

(Single link) 3.96 Gbit/s <br>(Dual link) 7.92 Gbit/s</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. devices</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data">

1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Protocol</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data">

3 × <a href="Transition_Minimized_Differential_Signaling" class="mw-redirect" title="Transition Minimized Differential Signaling">transition minimized differential signaling</a> data and clock</td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff">Pinout</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="infobox-full-data">

A female DVI-I socket from the front</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="infobox-full-data">

Color coded (click to read text)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 1</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

Digital red− (link 1)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 2</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

TMDS data 2+</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

Digital red+ (link 1)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 3</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

TMDS data 2/4 shield</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 4</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

TMDS data 4−</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

Digital green− (link 2)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 5</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

TMDS data 4+</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

Digital green+ (link 2)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 6</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

DDC clock</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 7</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

DDC data</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 8</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

Analog vertical sync</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 9</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

TMDS data 1−</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

Digital green− (link 1)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 10</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

TMDS data 1+</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

Digital green+ (link 1)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 11</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

TMDS data 1/3 shield</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 12</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

TMDS data 3−</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

Digital blue− (link 2)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 13</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

TMDS data 3+</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

Digital blue+ (link 2)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 14</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

+5 V</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

Power for monitor when in standby</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 15</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

Ground</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

Return for pin 14 and analog sync</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 16</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

Hot plug detect</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 17</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

TMDS data 0−</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

Digital blue− (link 1) and digital sync</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 18</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

TMDS data 0+</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

Digital blue+ (link 1) and digital sync</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 19</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

TMDS data 0/5 shield</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 20</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

TMDS data 5−</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

Digital red− (link 2)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 21</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

TMDS data 5+</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

Digital red+ (link 2)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 22</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

TMDS clock shield</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 23</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

TMDS clock+</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

Digital clock+ (links 1 and 2)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pin 24</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

TMDS clock−</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

Digital clock− (links 1 and 2)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">C1</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

Analog red</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">C2</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

Analog green</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">C3</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

Analog blue</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">C4</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

Analog horizontal sync</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">C5</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a">

Analog ground</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b">

Return for R, G, and B signals</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Digital Visual Interface</b> (<b>DVI</b>) is a <a href="Video_display_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Video display interface">video display interface</a> developed by the <a href="Digital_Display_Working_Group" title="Digital Display Working Group">Digital Display Working Group</a> (DDWG). The <a href="Digital_data" title="Digital data">digital</a> interface is used to connect a video source, such as a <a href="Video_display_controller" title="Video display controller">video display controller</a>, to a <a href="Display_device" title="Display device">display device</a>, such as a <a href="Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">computer monitor</a>. It was developed with the intention of creating an industry standard for the transfer of <a href="Uncompressed_video" title="Uncompressed video">uncompressed</a> digital video content.

</p><p>DVI devices manufactured as DVI-I have support for analog connections, and are compatible with the analog <a href="VGA" class="mw-redirect" title="VGA">VGA</a> interface<sup id="cite_ref-2000_Press_Release_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000_Press_Release-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by including VGA pins, while DVI-D devices are digital-only. This compatibility, along with other advantages, led to its widespread acceptance over competing digital display standards <a href="Plug_and_Display" class="mw-redirect" title="Plug and Display">Plug and Display</a> (P&D) and <a href="VESA_Digital_Flat_Panel" title="VESA Digital Flat Panel">Digital Flat Panel</a> (DFP).<sup id="cite_ref-Competing_standards_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Competing_standards-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although DVI is predominantly associated with computers, it is sometimes used in other consumer electronics such as <a href="Television_set" title="Television set">television sets</a> and <a href="DVD_player" title="DVD player">DVD players</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>An earlier attempt to promulgate an updated standard to the analog <a href="VGA_connector" title="VGA connector">VGA connector</a> was made by the <a href="Video_Electronics_Standards_Association" title="Video Electronics Standards Association">Video Electronics Standards Association</a> (VESA) in 1994 and 1995, with the <a href="VESA_Enhanced_Video_Connector" title="VESA Enhanced Video Connector">Enhanced Video Connector</a> (EVC), which was intended to consolidate cables between the computer and monitor.<sup id="cite_ref-VESA-stds_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VESA-stds-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Manchester99_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manchester99-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EVC used a 35-pin <a href="Molex" title="Molex">Molex</a> MicroCross connector and carried analog video (input and output), analog stereo audio (input and output), and data (via <a href="USB" title="USB">USB</a> and <a href="FireWire" class="mw-redirect" title="FireWire">FireWire</a>). At the same time, with the increasing availability of digital flat-panel displays, the priority shifted to digital video transmission, which would remove the extra analog/digital conversion steps required for VGA and EVC;<sup id="cite_ref-DVI-whitepaper_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DVI-whitepaper-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5–6">: 5–6 </span></sup> the EVC connector was reused by VESA,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which released the <a href="VESA_Plug_and_Display" title="VESA Plug and Display"> Plug & Display (P&D)</a> standard in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-VESA-stds_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VESA-stds-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> P&D offered single-link <a href="Transition-minimized_differential_signaling" title="Transition-minimized differential signaling">TMDS</a> digital video with, as an option, analog video output and data (USB and FireWire), using a 35-pin MicroCross connector similar to EVC; the analog audio and video input lines from EVC were repurposed to carry digital video for P&D.<sup id="cite_ref-DVI-whitepaper_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DVI-whitepaper-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4">: 4 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VESA-P&D_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VESA-P&D-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: §1.3.3">: §1.3.3 </span></sup>

</p><p>Because P&D was a physically large, expensive connector, a consortium of companies developed the DFP standard (1999), which was focused solely on digital video transmission using a 20-pin <a href="Micro_ribbon_connector" title="Micro ribbon connector">micro ribbon connector</a> and omitted the analog video and data capabilities of P&D.<sup id="cite_ref-Manchester99_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manchester99-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DVI-whitepaper_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DVI-whitepaper-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4">: 4 </span></sup> DVI instead chose to strip just the data functions from P&D, using a 29-pin MicroCross connector to carry digital and analog video.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critically, DVI allows dual-link TMDS signals,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning it supports higher resolutions than the single-link P&D and DFP connectors, which led to its successful adoption as an industry standard. Compatibility of DVI with P&D and DFP is accomplished typically through passive adapters that provide appropriate physical interfaces, as all three standards use the same DDC/EDID handshaking protocols and TMDS digital video signals.<sup id="cite_ref-DVI1.0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DVI1.0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: §1.3.7">: §1.3.7 </span></sup>

</p><p>DVI made its way into products starting in 1999. One of the first DVI monitors was <a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple's</a> original <a href="Apple_Cinema_Display" title="Apple Cinema Display">Cinema Display</a>, which launched in 1999.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_overview">Technical overview</h2></div>

<p>DVI's digital video transmission format is based on <a href="PanelLink" class="mw-redirect" title="PanelLink">panelLink</a>, a serial format developed by <a href="Silicon_Image_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon Image Inc.">Silicon Image</a> that utilizes a high-speed serial link called <a href="Transition_Minimized_Differential_Signaling" class="mw-redirect" title="Transition Minimized Differential Signaling">transition minimized differential signaling</a> (TMDS).

</p>

<p>Digital video <a href="Pixel" title="Pixel">pixel</a> data is transported using multiple TMDS <a href="Twisted_pair" title="Twisted pair">twisted pairs</a>. At the electrical level, these pairs are highly resistant to <a href="Electrical_noise" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical noise">electrical noise</a> and other forms of analog <a href="Distortion" title="Distortion">distortion</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Single_link">Single link</h4></div>

<p>A <i>single link</i> DVI connection has four TMDS pairs. Three data pairs carry their designated 8-bit RGB component (red, green, or blue) of the video signal for a total of 24 bits per <a href="Pixel" title="Pixel">pixel</a>. The fourth pair carries the TMDS clock. The binary data is encoded using <a href="8b/10b_encoding" title="8b/10b encoding">8b/10b encoding</a>. DVI does not use <a href="Packet_(information_technology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Packet (information technology)">packetization</a>, but rather transmits the pixel data as if it were a <a href="Rasterized" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasterized">rasterized</a> analog video signal. As such, the complete frame is <i>drawn</i> during each vertical refresh period. The full active area of each frame is always transmitted without compression. Video modes typically use horizontal and vertical refresh timings that are compatible with <a href="Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">cathode-ray tube</a> (CRT) displays, though this is not a requirement. In single link mode, the maximum TMDS clock frequency is 165 MHz, which supports a maximum resolution of 2.75 <a href="Megapixels" class="mw-redirect" title="Megapixels">megapixels</a> (including <a href="Blanking_interval" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanking interval">blanking interval</a>) at 60 Hz refresh. For practical purposes, this allows a maximum 16:10 screen resolution of 1920 × 1200 at 60 Hz.

</p>

<p>To support higher-resolution display devices, the DVI specification contains a provision for <i>dual link</i>. Dual link DVI doubles the number of TMDS data pairs, effectively doubling the video bandwidth, which allows higher resolutions up to 2560 × 1600 at 60 Hz or higher refresh rates for lower resolutions.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compatibility">Compatibility</h3></div>

<p>For <a href="Backward_compatibility" title="Backward compatibility">backward compatibility</a> with displays using analog VGA signals, some of the contacts in the DVI connector carry the analog VGA signals.

</p><p>To ensure a basic level of interoperability, DVI compliant devices are required to support one baseline <a href="Display_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Display mode">display mode</a>, "low pixel format" (640 × 480 at 60 Hz).

</p>

<p>Like modern analog <a href="VGA_connector" title="VGA connector">VGA connectors</a>, the DVI connector includes pins for the <a href="Display_data_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Display data channel">display data channel</a> (DDC), which allows the graphics adapter to read the monitor's <a href="Extended_display_identification_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Extended display identification data">extended display identification data</a> (EDID). When a source and display using the DDC2 revision are connected, the source first queries the display's capabilities by reading the monitor EDID block over an <a href="Inter-Integrated_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter-Integrated Circuit">I²C</a> link. The EDID block contains the display's identification, color characteristics (such as gamma value), and table of supported video modes. The table can designate a preferred mode or <a href="Native_resolution" title="Native resolution">native resolution</a>. Each mode is a set of timing values that define the duration and frequency of the horizontal/vertical sync, the positioning of the active display area, the horizontal resolution, vertical resolution, and refresh rate.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cable_length">Cable length</h3></div>

<p>The maximum length recommended for DVI cables is not included in the specification, since it is dependent on the TMDS clock frequency. In general, cable lengths up to 4.5 metres (15 ft) will work for display resolutions up to 1920 × 1200. Longer cables up to 15 metres (49 ft) in length can be used with display resolutions 1280 × 1024 or lower. For greater distances, the use of a DVI booster—a signal repeater which may use an external power supply—is recommended to help mitigate signal degradation.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Connector">Connector</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Mini-DVI" title="Mini-DVI">Mini-DVI</a> and <a href="Micro-DVI" title="Micro-DVI">Micro-DVI</a></div>

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</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Female DVI connector pins (view of plug)</div></div></div></div></div>

<p>The DVI connector on a device is given one of three names, depending on which signals it implements:

</p>

<ul><li><i>DVI-I</i> (integrated, combines digital and analog in the same connector; digital may be single or dual link)</li>

<li><i>DVI-D</i> (digital only, single link or dual link)</li>

<li><i>DVI-A</i> (analog only)</li></ul>

<p>Most DVI connector types—the exception is DVI-A—have pins that pass digital video signals. These come in two varieties: single link and dual link. Single link DVI employs a single transmitter with a TMDS clock up to 165 MHz that supports resolutions up to 1920 × 1200 at 60 Hz. Dual link DVI adds six pins, at the center of the connector, for a second transmitter increasing the bandwidth and supporting resolutions up to 2560 × 1600 at 60 Hz.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A connector with these additional pins is sometimes referred to as DVI-DL (dual link). Dual link should not be confused with <i><a href="Multi-monitor" title="Multi-monitor">dual display</a></i> (also known as <i>dual head</i>), which is a configuration consisting of a single computer connected to two monitors, sometimes using a <a href="DMS-59" title="DMS-59">DMS-59</a> connector for two single link DVI connections.

</p><p>In addition to digital, some DVI connectors also have pins that pass an analog signal, which can be used to connect an analog monitor. The analog pins are the four that surround the flat blade on a DVI-I or DVI-A connector. A <a href="Video_Graphics_Array" title="Video Graphics Array">VGA</a> monitor, for example, can be connected to a video source with DVI-I through the use of a passive adapter. Since the analog pins are directly compatible with VGA signaling, passive adapters are simple and cheap to produce, providing a cost-effective solution to support VGA on DVI. The long flat pin on a DVI-I connector is wider than the same pin on a DVI-D connector, so even if the four analog pins were manually removed, it still wouldn't be possible to connect a male DVI-I to a female DVI-D. It is possible, however, to join a male DVI-D connector with a female DVI-I connector.<sup id="cite_ref-A+_Study_Guide_book_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A+_Study_Guide_book-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>DVI is the only widespread video standard that includes analog and digital transmission in the same connector.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Competing standards are exclusively digital: these include a system using low-voltage differential signaling (<a href="Low_voltage_differential_signaling" class="mw-redirect" title="Low voltage differential signaling">LVDS</a>), known by its proprietary names <a href="FPD-Link" title="FPD-Link">FPD-Link</a> (flat-panel display) and FLATLINK; and its successors, the LVDS Display Interface (LDI) and <a href="OpenLDI" title="OpenLDI">OpenLDI</a>.

</p><p>Some <a href="DVD_player" title="DVD player">DVD players</a>, <a href="High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a> sets, and <a href="Video_projector" title="Video projector">video projectors</a> have DVI connectors that transmit an encrypted signal for copy protection using the <a href="High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection" title="High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection">High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection</a> (HDCP) protocol. Computers can be connected to HDTV sets over DVI, but the graphics card must support HDCP to play content protected by <a href="Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">digital rights management</a> (DRM).

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital">Digital</h3></div>

<ul><li>Minimum TMDS clock frequency: 25.175 MHz

<ul><li>Used for the mandatory "low pixel format" display mode: <a href="VGA_(resolution)" class="mw-redirect" title="VGA (resolution)">VGA</a> (640x480) @ 60 Hz</li></ul></li>

<li>Maximum single link TMDS clock frequency: 165 MHz</li>

<li>Single link maximum <a href="Gross_bit_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross bit rate">gross bit rate</a> (including 8b/10b overhead): 4.95 Gbit/s

<ul><li><a href="Net_bit_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Net bit rate">Net bit rate</a> (subtracting 8b/10b overhead): 3.96 Gbit/s</li></ul></li>

<li>Dual link bit rates are twice that of single link at an identical clock frequency.

<ul><li>Gross bit rate (Including 8b/10b overhead) at a 165 MHz clock: 9.90 Gbit/s.

<ul><li>Net bit rate (subtracting 8b/10b overhead): 7.92 Gbit/s</li></ul></li>

<li>Clocks above 165 MHz are allowed in dual link mode<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li>

<li>Bits per pixel:

<ul><li>24 bits per pixel support is mandatory in all resolutions supported.</li>

<li>Less than 24 bits per pixel is optional.</li>

<li>Dual link optionally supports up to 48 bits per pixel.

<ul><li>If a depth greater than 24 bits per pixel is desired, the least significant bits are sent on the second link.</li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li>Pixels per TMDS clock cycle:

<ul><li>1 (single link at 24 bits or less per pixel, and dual link for 25 to 48 bits per pixel) or</li>

<li>2 (dual link at 24 bits or less per pixel)</li></ul></li>

<li>Example display modes (<i>single link</i>):

<ul><li><a href="SXGA" class="mw-redirect" title="SXGA">SXGA</a> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="1310720 !">1280 × 1024</span></span>) @ 85 Hz with GTF blanking (159 MHz TMDS clock)</li>

<li><a href="FHD" class="mw-redirect" title="FHD">FHD</a> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="2073600 !">1920 × 1080</span></span>) @ 60 Hz with CVT-RB blanking (139 MHz TMDS clock)</li>

<li><a href="UXGA" class="mw-redirect" title="UXGA">UXGA</a> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="1920000 !">1600 × 1200</span></span>) @ 60 Hz with GTF blanking (161 MHz TMDS clock)</li>

<li><a href="WUXGA" class="mw-redirect" title="WUXGA">WUXGA</a> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="2304000 !">1920 × 1200</span></span>) @ 60 Hz with CVT-RB blanking (154 MHz TMDS clock)</li>

<li><a href="WQXGA" class="mw-redirect" title="WQXGA">WQXGA</a> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="4096000 !">2560 × 1600</span></span>) @ 30 Hz with CVT-RB blanking (132 MHz TMDS clock)</li></ul></li>

<li>Example display modes (<i>dual link</i>):

<ul><li><a href="QXGA" class="mw-redirect" title="QXGA">QXGA</a> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="3145728 !">2048 × 1536</span></span>) @ 72 Hz with CVT blanking (2 pixels per 163 MHz TMDS clock)</li>

<li><a href="WUXGA" class="mw-redirect" title="WUXGA">WUXGA</a> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="2304000 !">1920 × 1200</span></span>) @ 120 Hz with CVT-RB blanking (2 pixels per 154 MHz TMDS clock)</li>

<li><a href="WQXGA" class="mw-redirect" title="WQXGA">WQXGA</a> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="4096000 !">2560 × 1600</span></span>) @ 60 Hz with CVT-RB blanking (2 pixels per 135 MHz TMDS clock)</li>

<li><a href="WQUXGA" class="mw-redirect" title="WQUXGA">WQUXGA</a> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="9216000 !">3840 × 2400</span></span>) @ 30 Hz with CVT-RB blanking (2 pixels per 146 MHz TMDS clock)</li></ul></li></ul>

<p><a href="Generalized_Timing_Formula" title="Generalized Timing Formula">Generalized Timing Formula</a> (GTF) is a <a href="VESA" class="mw-redirect" title="VESA">VESA</a> standard which can easily be calculated with the <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> gtf utility. <a href="Coordinated_Video_Timings" title="Coordinated Video Timings">Coordinated Video Timings</a>-Reduced Blanking (CVT-RB) is a <a href="VESA" class="mw-redirect" title="VESA">VESA</a> standard which offers reduced horizontal and vertical blanking for non-CRT based displays.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Digital_data_encoding">Digital data encoding</h4></div>

<p>One of the purposes of DVI stream encoding is to provide a <a href="DC-balanced" class="mw-redirect" title="DC-balanced">DC-balanced</a> output that reduces decoding errors. This goal is achieved by using 10-bit symbols for 8-bit or less characters and using the extra bits for the DC balancing.

</p><p>Like other ways of transmitting video, there are two different regions: the active region, where pixel data is sent, and the control region, where synchronization signals are sent. The active region is encoded using <a href="Transition-minimized_differential_signaling" title="Transition-minimized differential signaling">transition-minimized differential signaling</a>, where the control region is encoded with a fixed <a href="8b/10b_encoding" title="8b/10b encoding">8b/10b encoding</a>. As the two schemes yield different 10-bit symbols, a receiver can fully differentiate between active and control regions.

</p><p>When DVI was designed, most computer monitors were still of the <a href="Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">cathode-ray tube</a> type that require analog video synchronization signals. The timing of the digital synchronization signals matches the equivalent analog ones, so the process of transforming DVI to and from an analog signal does not require extra (high-speed) memory, expensive at the time.

</p><p><a href="High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection" title="High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection">HDCP</a> is an extra layer that transforms the 10-bit symbols before transmitting. Only after correct authorization can the receiver undo the HDCP encryption. Control regions are not encrypted in order to let the receiver know when the active region starts.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Clock_and_data_relationship">Clock and data relationship</h4></div>

<p>DVI provide one TMDS clock pair and 3 TMDS data pairs in single link mode or 6 TMDS data pairs in dual link mode. TMDS data pairs operate at a <a href="Gross_bit_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross bit rate">gross bit rate</a> that is 10 times the frequency of the TMDS clock. In each TMDS clock period there is a 10-bit symbol per TMDS data pair representing 8-bits of pixel color. In single link mode each set of three 10-bit symbols represents one 24-bit pixel, while in dual link mode each set of six 10-bit symbols either represents two 24-bit pixels or one pixel of up to 48-bit <a href="Color_depth" title="Color depth">color depth</a>.

</p><p>The specification document allows the data and the clock to not be aligned. However, as the ratio between the TMDS clock and gross bit rate per TMDS pair is fixed at 1:10, the unknown alignment is kept over time. The receiver must recover the bits on the stream using any of the techniques of <a href="Clock_recovery" title="Clock recovery">clock/data recovery</a> to find the correct symbol boundary. The DVI specification allows the TMDS clock to vary between 25 MHz and 165 MHz. This 1:6.6 ratio can make clock recovery difficult, as <a href="Phase-locked_loop" title="Phase-locked loop">phase-locked loops</a>, if used, need to work over a large frequency range. One benefit of DVI over other interfaces is that it is relatively straightforward to transform the signal from the digital domain into the analog domain using a video <a href="Digital-to-analog_converter" title="Digital-to-analog converter">DAC</a>, as both clock and synchronization signals are transmitted. Fixed frequency interfaces, like <a href="DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a>, need to reconstruct the clock from the transmitted data.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Display_power_management">Display power management</h4></div>

<p>The DVI specification includes signaling for reducing power consumption. Similar to the analog <a href="VESA_Display_Power_Management_Signaling" title="VESA Display Power Management Signaling">VESA display power management signaling</a> (DPMS) standard, a connected device can turn a monitor off when the connected device is powered down, or programmatically if the display controller of the device supports it. Devices with this capability can also attain Energy Star certification.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analog">Analog</h3></div>

<p>The analog section of the DVI specification document is brief and points to other specifications like VESA VSIS<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for electrical characteristics and <a href="Generalized_Timing_Formula" title="Generalized Timing Formula">GTFS</a> for timing information. The motivation for including analog is to keep compatibility with the previous <a href="VGA_connector" title="VGA connector">VGA cables and connectors</a>. VGA pins for HSync, Vsync and three video channels are available in both DVI-I or DVI-A (but not DVI-D) connectors and are electrically compatible, while pins for DDC (clock and data) and 5 V power and ground are kept in all DVI connectors. Thus, a passive adapter can interface between DVI-I or DVI-A (but not DVI-D) and VGA connectors.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="DVI_and_HDMI_compatibility">DVI and HDMI compatibility</h2></div>

<p><a href="HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a> is a newer digital audio/video interface developed and promoted by the consumer <a href="Electronics_industry" title="Electronics industry">electronics industry</a>. DVI and HDMI have the same electrical specifications for their TMDS and VESA/DDC twisted pairs. However HDMI and DVI differ in several key ways.

</p>

<ul><li>HDMI lacks VGA compatibility and does not include analog signals.</li>

<li>DVI is limited to the <a href="RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB color model</a> while HDMI also supports <a href="YCbCr" title="YCbCr">YCbCr</a> 4:4:4 and <a href="YCbCr" title="YCbCr">YCbCr</a> 4:2:2 color spaces, which are generally not used for computer graphics.</li>

<li>In addition to digital video, HDMI supports the transport of packets used for digital audio.</li>

<li>HDMI sources differentiate between legacy DVI displays and HDMI-capable displays by reading the display's <a href="EDID" class="mw-redirect" title="EDID">EDID</a> block.</li></ul>

<p>To promote interoperability between DVI-D and HDMI devices, HDMI source components and displays support DVI-D signaling. For example, an HDMI display can be driven by a DVI-D source because HDMI and DVI-D both define an overlapping minimum set of supported resolutions and frame buffer formats.

</p><p>Some DVI-D sources use non-standard extensions to output HDMI signals including audio (e.g. <a href="Radeon_R600" class="mw-redirect" title="Radeon R600">ATI 3000-series</a> and <a href="GeForce_200_series" title="GeForce 200 series">NVIDIA GTX 200-series</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-HDMI2006SpecsAppC_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDMI2006SpecsAppC-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some multimedia displays use a DVI to HDMI adapter to input the HDMI signal with audio. Exact capabilities vary by video card specifications.

</p><p>In the reverse scenario, a DVI display that lacks optional support for <a href="High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection" title="High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection">HDCP</a> might be unable to display protected content even though it is otherwise compatible with the HDMI source. Features specific to HDMI such as remote control, audio transport, xvYCC and deep color are not usable in devices that support only DVI signals. HDCP compatibility between source and destination devices is subject to manufacturer specifications for each device.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proposed_successors">Proposed successors</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">IEEE 1394</a> was proposed by <a href="High-Definition_Audio-Video_Network_Alliance" title="High-Definition Audio-Video Network Alliance">High-Definition Audio-Video Network Alliance</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080928130647/http://www.hanaalliance.org/hana_solutions/use_cases">HANA Alliance</a>) for all cabling needs, including video, over coaxial or 1394 cable as a combined data stream. However, this interface does not have enough throughput to handle uncompressed HD video, so it is unsuitable for applications such as <a href="Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a> and <a href="Electronic_program_guide" title="Electronic program guide">interactive program guides</a>.</li>

<li><a href="HDMI" title="HDMI">High-Definition Multimedia Interface</a> (HDMI), a <a href="Forward_compatibility" title="Forward compatibility">forward-compatible</a> standard that also includes <a href="Digital_audio" title="Digital audio">digital audio</a> <a href="Transmission_(telecommunications)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission (telecommunications)">transmission</a></li>

<li><a href="Unified_Display_Interface" title="Unified Display Interface">Unified Display Interface</a> (UDI) was proposed by <a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> to replace both DVI and HDMI, but was deprecated in favor of <a href="DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a>.</li>

<li><a href="DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a> (a license-free standard proposed by <a href="VESA" class="mw-redirect" title="VESA">VESA</a> to succeed DVI that has optional <a href="Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">DRM</a> mechanisms) / <a href="Mini_DisplayPort" title="Mini DisplayPort">Mini DisplayPort</a></li>

<li><a href="Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a>: an interface that uses the <a href="USB-C" title="USB-C">USB-C</a> connector (from Thunderbolt 3 and onward; the Mini DisplayPort connector was used for Thunderbolt 1 and 2) but combines <a href="PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a> (PCIe) and DisplayPort (DP) into one serial signal, permitting the connection of PCIe devices in addition to video displays. It provides DC power as well.</li></ul>

<p>In December 2010, <a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, <a href="Advanced_Micro_Devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Micro Devices">AMD</a>, and several computer and display manufacturers announced they would stop supporting DVI-I, <a href="VGA_connector" title="VGA connector">VGA</a> and <a href="LVDS" class="mw-redirect" title="LVDS">LVDS</a>-technologies from 2013/2015, and instead speed up adoption of DisplayPort and HDMI.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also stated: "Legacy interfaces such as VGA, DVI and LVDS have not kept pace, and newer standards such as DisplayPort and HDMI clearly provide the best connectivity options moving forward. In our opinion, DisplayPort 1.2 is the future interface for PC monitors, along with HDMI 1.4a for TV connectivity".

</p>

<ul><li><a href="DMS-59" title="DMS-59">DMS-59</a> – a single DVI sized connector providing two single link DVI or VGA channels</li>

<li><a href="List_of_video_connectors" title="List of video connectors">List of video connectors</a></li>

<li><a href="DiiVA" class="mw-redirect" title="DiiVA">DiiVA</a></li>

<li><a href="Lightning_(connector)" title="Lightning (connector)">Lightning (connector)</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">and only used when total bandwidth requirement surpassing 330MHz TMDS clock. The specification only specifies first link to operate at above single-link maximum in such scenario.<sup id="cite_ref-DVI1.0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DVI1.0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: §2.2.2.">: §2.2.2. </span></sup></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070828233809/http://www.ddwg.org/articles.asp?id=22">"Digital Visual Interface adoption accelerates as industry prepares for next wave of DVI-compliant products"</a>. DDWG, copy preserved by <a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. February 16, 2000. Archived from the original on 28 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite news}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-VESA-stds-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VESA-stds_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VESA-stds_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990117080256/http://www.vesa.org:80/standards.html">"VESA Standards"</a>. Video Electronics Standards Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vesa.org:80/standards.html">the original</a> on January 17, 1999.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Manchester99-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Manchester99_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manchester99_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFManchester1999" class="citation report cs1">Manchester, Gary (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160112151649/http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/informatik/RA/news/stack/kompendium/vortraege_99/peripherie/standards/dfp/DFPwhitepap.PDF">The VESA Digital Flat Panel (DFP) Standard: A White Paper</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). VESA Marketing Committee. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/informatik/RA/news/stack/kompendium/vortraege_99/peripherie/standards/dfp/DFPwhitepap.PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 12, 2016.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-DVI-whitepaper-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DVI-whitepaper_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DVI-whitepaper_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DVI-whitepaper_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fpga4fun.com/files/WP_TMDS.pdf">Digital Visual Interface & TMDS Extensions</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Silicon Image. October 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFManchester,_Gary1996" class="citation web cs1">Manchester, Gary (October 7, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030222125034/http://www.vesa.org:80/public/Intellectual%20Property/MolexPnD.PDF">"Molex PnD intellectual property letter"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vesa.org:80/public/Intellectual%20Property/MolexPnD.PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 22, 2003.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-VESA-P&D-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VESA-P&D_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030704041337/http://www.vesa.org/public/PnD/pnd.pdf">"VESA Plug and Display (P&D) Standard, Version 1"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Video Electronics Standards Association. June 11, 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vesa.org/public/PnD/pnd.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 4, 2003.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.molex.com/mx_upload/family/microcross_dvi/082mcdvi.pdf">"MicroCross DVI Connector System: Digital Visual Interface Standard"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Molex. December 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/276/2/molex_dvi%20technical1-1185865.pdf">"MicroCross DVI (Digital Visual Interface) Connector System"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Molex. November 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-DVI1.0-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DVI1.0_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DVI1.0_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glenwing.github.io/docs/DVI-1.0.pdf">"Digital Visual Interface Revision 1.0"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Digital Display Working Group. 2 April 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWalton2007" class="citation web cs1">Walton, Jarred (March 2, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100520033457/http://www.anandtech.com/show/2184/2">"Dell 2407WFP and 3007WFP LCD Comparison"</a>. AnandTech. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anandtech.com/show/2184/2">the original</a> on May 20, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-A+_Study_Guide_book-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A+_Study_Guide_book_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDocterDulaneySkandier2012" class="citation book cs1">Docter, Quentin; Dulaney, Emmett; Skandier, Toby (2012). <i>CompTIA A+ Complete Deluxe Study Guide: Exams 220-801 and 220-802</i>. Indianapolis, Indiana: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1118324066</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKruegle2006" class="citation book cs1">Kruegle, Herman (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DaQY8CrmqFcC&q=DVI+is+the+only+widespread+video+standard+that+includes+analog+and+digital+transmission+options+in+the+same+connector.&pg=PA268">"8"</a>. <i>CCTV Surveillance: Analog and Digital Video Practices And Technology</i>. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 268. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-7506-7768-6</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thetechnologyland.com/the-best-dvi-cable-for-144hz/">"The Best DVI Cable for 144hz | The Technology Land"</a>. <i>thetechnologyland.com</i>. 2019-08-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-14</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nvidia.com/object/advanced_timings.html">"Advanced Timing and CEA/EIA-861B Timings"</a>. NVIDIA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-18</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Video Signal Standard (VSIS) Version 1, Rev. 2, available for purchuase at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.vesa.org/">http://www.vesa.org/</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-HDMI2006SpecsAppC-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HDMI2006SpecsAppC_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hdmi.org">"HDMI Specification 1.3a Appendix C"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. HDMI Licensing, LLC. 2006-11-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-11-18</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2010/12/08/leading-pc-companies-move-to-all-digital-display-technology-phasing-out-analog">Intel Newsrom</a> – <i>Leading PC Companies Move to All Digital Display Technology, Phasing out Analog</i> (8. December 2010)</span>

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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ruconnected.nl/hdmi-versies/">"HDMI versions"</a>. 2017-01-17.</cite> Wednesday, 1 February 2017</span>

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</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFSilicon_ImageMolex1999" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a href="Silicon_Image" title="Silicon Image">Silicon Image</a>; <a href="Molex" title="Molex">Molex</a> (1999-04-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120813201146/http://www.ddwg.org/lib/dvi_10.pdf">"Digital Visual Interface"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Revision 1.0: Initial Specification Release. <a href="Digital_Display_Working_Group" title="Digital Display Working Group">Digital Display Working Group</a>. Archived from the original on 2012-08-13.</cite></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Audio_and_video_connectors145" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Audio_and_video_interfaces_and_connectors" title="Audio and video interfaces and connectors">Audio and video connectors</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Analog audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Banana_connector" title="Banana connector">Banana plug</a></li>

<li><a href="Binding_post" title="Binding post">Binding post</a></li>

<li><a href="D-subminiature_(professional_audio)" title="D-subminiature (professional audio)">D-subminiature</a></li>

<li><a href="Euroblock" title="Euroblock">Euroblock</a></li>

<li><a href="Phone_connector_(audio)" title="Phone connector (audio)">Audio jack</a></li>

<li><a href="Speaker_terminal" title="Speaker terminal">Speaker spring terminal</a></li>

<li><a href="Speakon_connector" title="Speakon connector">Speakon</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="TOSLINK" title="TOSLINK">TOSLINK</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Component_video#RGB_analog_component_video" title="Component video">Component RGB</a></li>

<li><a href="YPbPr" title="YPbPr">Component YPbPr</a></li>

<li><a href="Composite_video" title="Composite video">Composite video</a></li>

<li><a href="D-Terminal" title="D-Terminal">D-Terminal</a></li>

<li>

<li><a href="Micro-DVI" title="Micro-DVI">Micro-DVI</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="S-Video" title="S-Video">S-Video</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio and video</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Belling-Lee_connector" title="Belling-Lee connector">Belling-Lee</a></li>

<li><a href="HDBaseT" title="HDBaseT">HDBaseT</a></li>

<li><a href="DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a>

<li><a href="Mobile_High-Definition_Link" title="Mobile High-Definition Link">MHL</a> (<a href="SuperMHL" class="mw-redirect" title="SuperMHL">superMHL</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Phone_connector_(audio)" title="Phone connector (audio)">Minijack</a></li>

<li><a href="SCART" title="SCART">SCART</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visual charts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_video_connectors" title="List of video connectors">List of video connectors</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General-purpose</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Audio_and_video_interfaces_and_connectors80" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Audio_and_video_interfaces_and_connectors80" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Audio_and_video_interfaces_and_connectors" title="Audio and video interfaces and connectors">Audio and video interfaces and connectors</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Analog</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="PC_System_Design_Guide" title="PC System Design Guide">PC System Design Guide</a>

<ul><li>connectors: <a href="Phone_connector_(audio)" title="Phone connector (audio)">TRS</a> 3.5 mm</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Balanced_audio" title="Balanced audio">Balanced audio</a>

<ul><li>connectors: <a href="Phone_connector_(audio)" title="Phone connector (audio)">TRS</a> 6.35 mm</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Digital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>connectors: <a href="RCA_connector" title="RCA connector">RCA jack</a>, coaxial</li>

<li><a href="TOSLINK" title="TOSLINK">TOSLINK</a>, optical</li>

<li><a href="AES3" title="AES3">AES3</a>, AES/EBU

<ul><li>connectors: <a href="RCA_connector" title="RCA connector">RCA jack</a></li>

<li><a href="TOSLINK" title="TOSLINK">TOSLINK</a>, optical</li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Analog</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>connectors: <a href="D-subminiature" title="D-subminiature">DB-15</a></li>

</ul></li>

<li><a href="Composite_video" title="Composite video">Composite</a>

<ul><li>connectors: <a href="RCA_connector" title="RCA connector">RCA jack</a> yellow</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="S-Video" title="S-Video">S-Video</a>

<ul><li>connectors: <a href="Mini-DIN_connector" title="Mini-DIN connector">Mini-DIN</a> 4 pin</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Component_video" title="Component video">Component</a>

<ul><li>connectors: <a href="RCA_connector" title="RCA connector">RCA jacks</a> × 3</li>

<li><a href="Composite_video" title="Composite video">Composite</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="S-Video" title="S-Video">S-Video</a>, and <a href="Component_video" title="Component video">Component</a>

<ul><li>connectors: <a href="Video-in_video-out" title="Video-in video-out">VIVO</a> using <a href="Mini-DIN_connector" title="Mini-DIN connector">Mini-DIN</a> 9 pin</li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Digital and <br>analog</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>connectors: </li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video and audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Digital7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Digital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>connectors: <a href="HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a> connector</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a>

<ul><li>connectors: <a href="DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a> connector</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="HDBaseT" title="HDBaseT">HDBaseT</a>

<ul><li>connectors: <a href="8P8C" class="mw-redirect" title="8P8C">8P8C</a> connector</li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="High-definition_(HD)301" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="High-definition_(HD)301" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">High-definition (HD)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">High-definition television</a></li>

<li><a href="High-definition_video" title="High-definition video">High-definition video</a></li>

<li><a href="Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">Ultra-high-definition television</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resolutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">2160p (4K Ultra HD)</a></li>

<li><a href="8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">4320p (8K Ultra HD)</a></li>

<li><a href="16K_resolution" title="16K resolution">8640p (16K Ultra HD)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Analog_high-definition_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog high-definition television system">Analog broadcast</a><br><span style="font-size: 85%;">(All defunct)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Analog_high-definition_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog high-definition television system">819 line system</a></li>

<li><a href="Multiple_sub-Nyquist_sampling_encoding" title="Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding">MUSE (Hi-Vision)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital broadcast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">SBTVD</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital</a></li>

<li><a href="Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">Surround sound</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Filming and storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="High-definition_pre-recorded_media_and_compression" title="High-definition pre-recorded media and compression">HD media and<br>compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Archival_Disc" title="Archival Disc">Archival Disc</a></li>

<li><a href="DVD-Audio" title="DVD-Audio">DVD-Audio</a></li>

<li><a href="Laserdisc" class="mw-redirect" title="Laserdisc">Hi-Vision LD</a></li>

<li><a href="Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD">Super Audio CD</a></li>

<li><a href="Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a></li>

<li><a href="Uncompressed_video" title="Uncompressed video">Uncompressed</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Component_video" title="Component video">Component</a></li>

<li><a href="DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deployments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_digital_television_deployments_by_country" title="List of digital television deployments by country">List of digital television deployments by country</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Digital_audio_and_video_protocols209" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Digital_audio_and_video_protocols209" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Digital audio and video protocols</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Protocols for remotely configuring and controlling AV equipment">Control</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="A point-to-point connection between only two devices, e.g. a USB cable between a computer and an audio amplifier.">Direct</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="HDBaseT" title="HDBaseT">HDBaseT</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="A single communication channel attached to multiple devices (via multidrop or daisy chain), but not generally extended beyond small group of devices.">Bus</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Modbus" title="Modbus">Modbus</a></li>

<li><i>Obsolete:</i>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Protocols capable of being routed across standard TCP/IP networks.">IP</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Modbus" title="Modbus">Modbus</a></li>

<li><a href="ONVIF" title="ONVIF">ONVIF</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Sound_Control" title="Open Sound Control">Open Sound Control</a></li>

<li><a href="Deterministic_Networking" title="Deterministic Networking">DetNet</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="A point-to-point connection between only two devices, e.g. a USB cable between a computer and an audio amplifier.">Direct</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ADAT_Lightpipe" title="ADAT Lightpipe">ADAT Lightpipe</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="A single communication channel attached to multiple devices (via multidrop or daisy chain), but not generally extended beyond small group of devices.">Bus</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="AES50" title="AES50">AES50</a> (SuperMAC)</li>

<li>AudioRail</li>

<li><a href="MaGIC" class="mw-redirect" title="MaGIC">MaGIC</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="Audio_over_Ethernet" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio over Ethernet">Ethernet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Avnu" class="mw-redirect" title="Avnu">Milan</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="CobraNet" title="CobraNet">CobraNet</a></li>

<li>dSNAKE</li>

<li><a href="EtherSound" title="EtherSound">EtherSound</a></li>

<li><a href="SoundGrid" title="SoundGrid">SoundGrid</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="Audio_over_IP" title="Audio over IP"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Protocols capable of being routed across standard TCP/IP networks.">IP</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Dante_(networking)" title="Dante (networking)">Dante</a></li>

<li><a href="JACK_Audio_Connection_Kit" title="JACK Audio Connection Kit">NetJack</a></li>

<li><a href="Livewire_(networking)" title="Livewire (networking)">Livewire</a></li>

<li><a href="Ravenna_(networking)" title="Ravenna (networking)">Ravenna</a></li>

<li>WheatNet-IP</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="A point-to-point connection between only two devices, e.g. a USB cable between a computer and an audio amplifier.">Direct</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul>

<li><a href="HDBaseT" title="HDBaseT">HDBaseT</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="A single communication channel attached to multiple devices (via multidrop or daisy chain), but not generally extended beyond small group of devices.">Bus</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Ethernet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="Professional_video_over_IP" title="Professional video over IP">IP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="High_bit_rate_media_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="High bit rate media transport">HBRMT</a></li>

<li><a href="SMPTE_2022" title="SMPTE 2022">SMPTE 2022</a></li>

<li><a href="SMPTE_2110" title="SMPTE 2110">SMPTE 2110</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Visual charts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_audio_network_protocols" title="Comparison of audio network protocols">Comparison of audio network protocols</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-06" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Digital_Visual_Interface&oldid=1304461771">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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